Tyler CR, Krumwiede C. The danger of decolorizing vaccine virus. PMID: Other interesting references on early virus research van Helvoort and early smallpox research Gordon :. History of virus research in the twentieth century: the problem of conceptual continuity. Hist Sci. Gordon, M. Studies of the Viruses of Vaccinia and Variola. Council, Spec. Thanks so much for your comments. I'm glad you like the blog, but it is certainly improved by reader participation like yours.
That's the way the social web works. I would be happy to include poxvirus in the list of discoveries on this post. I haven't come across this history in any of my readings so I depend on your recommendations. If bacteria were causing the infection, the filtered tissues should no longer be able to make other organisms sick.
However, the filtered tissues remained infective. This meant that something even smaller than bacteria was causing the infection. Scientists did not actually see viruses for the first time until the s. In , English bacteriologist Frederick Twort discovered bacteriophage , the viruses that attack bacteria.
He noticed tiny clear spots within bacterial colonies, and hypothesized that something was killing the bacteria. The tobacco mosaic virus shown in Figure below was the first one to be seen. Tobacco Mosaic Virus. This tobacco mosaic virus was the first virus to be discovered. It was first seen with an electron microscope in Where did viruses come from?
Viruses are noncellular parasitic entities that cannot be classified within any kingdom. They can infect organisms as diverse as bacteria, plants, and animals. In fact, viruses exist in a sort of netherworld between a living organism and a nonliving entity. Living things grow, metabolize, and reproduce. In contrast, viruses are not cellular, do not have a metabolism or grow, and cannot divide by cell division. Viruses can copy, or replicate themselves; however, they are entirely dependent on resources derived from their host cells to produce progeny viruses—which are assembled in their mature form.
No one knows exactly when or how viruses evolved or from what ancestral source because viruses have not left a fossil record. Some virologists contend that modern viruses are a mosaic of bits and pieces of nucleic acids picked up from various sources along their respective evolutionary paths. Figure 1. The tobacco mosaic virus left , seen here by transmission electron microscopy, was the first virus to be discovered. The virus causes disease in tobacco and other plants, such as the orchid right.
Viruses were first discovered after the development of a porcelain filter—the Chamberland-Pasteur filter—that could remove all bacteria visible in the microscope from any liquid sample. In , Adolph Meyer demonstrated that a disease of tobacco plants— tobacco mosaic disease —could be transferred from a diseased plant to a healthy one via liquid plant extracts.
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