Irony in poetry is a literary technique that uses discordance, incongruity or a naive speaker to say something other than a poem's literal meaning. There are three basic types of irony used in poetry: verbal irony, situational irony and dramatic irony.
Poets will use irony for a variety of reasons, including satire or to make a political point. Irony can be difficult to detect in poetry, but it is a rhetorical device that students of poetry should always be on the lookout for.
This is situational irony. The narrator, in this example, is making a statement about the Ministry of Love. They are stating that what occurs there is antithetical to its name.
This says something about the state that rules the people of Airstrip 1 and its citizenry. Ministries, as government bodies, are meant to protect citizens and look after their wellbeing. The Ministry of Love sounds like this is its purpose, but this description of its actions contrasts starkly with this.
Now we know the themes present, we need to unpack how the irony in the example conveys these to the audience. L structure — as we did in the example above for Verbal Irony — to discuss our understanding of the example. Remember, you can find a more detailed explanation of using T.
Orwell was a BBC journalist and radio host who was deeply interested in language. During his time working for the Ministry of Information as a radio host, Orwell had to write and present propaganda.
He ultimately resigned because his work went against his principles. This Module A response is longer than others because we need to include detailed contextual information. You will note that in the example above, we have begun with the linking information in the form of contextual background, and then concluded by connecting this with our overall argument about state control. This is a quintessential modernist text, and so employs an unreliable narrator — Meursault.
To understand the following example, we need to know a little more about the text. He is not wealthy, but he lives there with his mother, who he put into a nursing home. He quite clearly feels guilty about not visiting his mother in a substantial period of time. Later Meursault shoots and murders an Arab who he did not know. He is tried in court and sentenced to death by guillotine.
Much of the latter part of the novel is his account of the trial and his meditation on life while waiting his execution. It was then that I realised they were all sitting opposite me, nodding their heads, grouped around the caretaker.
For a second, I had the ridiculous feeling that they were there to judge me. Besides, you always feel a little guilty. The Stranger is told from the perspective of Meursault. We only have his account of events to orientate ourselves in the text. Usually when we read a text, we read it with the expectation that we will be given an accurate account of things by the narrator. Traditionally, narrators are accurate and do not lie.
But people are imperfect and distinctly unlike narrators. Camus reflects this in his character Meursault who is paranoid and self-absorbed. Like other people he is unsure of how others perceive him and he frequently misjudges things. It is established very early on that Meursault feels guilty about being absent from his mother and tries to reassure himself constantly. He grasps onto others excuses for his poor behaviour as a son. At the same time he projects his emotions onto them. In these scenes, the others are judging him for his behaviour as a son, not on the possibility that he is responsible for her death.
The friends are most likely judging him for not visiting his mother, Marie, because he is out on a date the day after her death. Clearly his perception of things does not correlate to what is occurring in the text. This is an example of structural irony. While dramatic irony mostly occurs in plays, it has become more common in contemporary poetry and prose.
In fact, the opposite occurs. Clearly they are either naive, deceptive, or otherwise unreliable. Thus, this is an example of structural irony and NOT dramatic irony. Camus was a philosopher and author concerned with representing existential concerns.
Camus wrote extensively about the idea of the Absurd. To him, the Absurd was the fact that we constantly try and find meaning in life while often failing to find any. Absurdists felt that discovering such inherent value was essentially impossible. This text would not be as effective or understandable if it were not for the use of structural irony. For the purpose of this response, we will consider how Camus reflects a modernist concern.
Examples of Situational Irony in Literature Situational irony, sometimes called irony of events, is most broadly defined as a situation where the outcome is incongruous with what was expected, but it is also more generally understood as a situation that includes contradictions or sharp contrasts.
Stephen Crane gives his poem meaning through the use of irony. It creates tension and suspense. People might not know the difference. Irony In Philip Larkin's Poetry.
It can also be a difference between what might be expected to happen and what actually occurs. Poems about Irony at the world's largest poetry site. For an overstatement example that nails this idea, look no further than Bram Stoker's Dracula. The definition of irony as a literary device is a situation in which there is a contrast between expectation and reality.
Who is the speaker in the poem, "Do not weep Who is an example of verbal irony in the poem,, Examples of verbal irony are. However, Collins also gives many examples through the speaker using metaphors. If one is asked to exhibit statements Marriage is the leading cause of divorce.
Examples For Irony. Examples of poems using hyperbole are also examples of figurative language, since hyperbole is considered a type of figurative language. Here you will find List of poems with theme as irony and also funny poems.
Best irony poems poems ever written. Dramatic irony is a plot device often used in theater, literature, film, and television to highlight the difference between a character's understanding of a given situation, and that of the audience. Literary Terms.
An oxymoron is present if two completely opposite words are used in conjunction. The Greek tragedy of Oedipus Rex has many examples of irony. Ironical Statements. Definition of Irony. The tone of her poems is consistently acerbic, humorous but dark nonetheless.
Poetic irony a. An ironical statement induces a sarcastic effect. Literary Elements. The use of irony is in almost every paragraph.
The difference between what is expected to happen and what actually happens. Situational ironyinvolves an incongruity between what is expected or intended and what actually occurs. Robert Browning's poem entitled "Porphyria's Lover" utilizes both dramatic and situational irony.
Example 4: Beauty and the Beast. These are examples of famous Irony poems written by some of the greatest and most-well-known modern and classical poets. That's why the expressive and abstract qualities of poetry are often used instead of straightforward language. Irony is a literary device by which a writer expresses a meaning contradictory to the stated one.
Irony is the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. While dramatic irony mostly occurs in plays, it has become more common in contemporary poetry and prose. For example, the difference between what something appears to mean versus its literal meaning. Situational irony. I considered briefly entryways into an interpretation of the Songs which will take into account its irony.
The ironical contrasts can work inside each isolated poem, or in the contrast of the mirror poems. I will follow here this last path, and in order to do so a concept of irony which brings to the forefront a dialectical approach will be especially useful. For these purposes, then, the Romantic irony developed by Friedrich Schlegel is fitting. Firstly, it should be taken into account that the concept of Romantic irony developed by Schlegel is not like the stable ironies of Wayne C.
Booth in A Rhetoric of Irony ; nor is it like the verbal ironies or dramatic ironies described, for instance, by D. Muecke , 30 Muecke, D. Translated by Geraldo Gerson de Sousa. Brasil: Perspectiva, New York: Routledge, Those are figures of speech, and Romantic irony is not.
A Rhetoric of Irony. The University of Chicago Press, Romantic irony deviates from irony as textual tropes, because it is personal, not textual. This product, poetry, is the result of a fall from the life of becoming, to a fixed, final form.
Poetry, then, is not mimetic in the usual sense of copying reality. Instead, poetry itself creates, copying not something, but instead copying the process; not the being , but the becoming Colebrook Colebrook, Claire. The philosophical background in which this kind of thinking was being done is relevant for understanding the concept.
Walter Benjamin Benjamin, Walter. The latter was for them too elusive, and could only be apprehended through the becoming.
The focus on becoming made the non-static aspects of philosophy prominent, hence the importance of development and dialectics for these thinkers. The dialectical aspect of Romantic irony is of special interest. As Steven A. Alford Alford, Steven E. Irony and the Logic of the Romantic Imagination. Peter Lang Inc. Lucinde and the Fragments. Translated by Peter Firchow. Toronto: University of Minnesota Press, In this type of irony, both the literal and the reconstructed ironic readings are accepted.
The final meaning is itself paradoxical, as it is a synthesis of both possibilities. Another relevant aspect of the undecidability of Romantic irony is its opposition to reason, an important Romantic value, which Blake also cultivated. This unreasonableness must instead be embraced by the imagination. Their exaltation of imagination contrasts with what was until then the accepted Enlightenment idea of logic and reason as what was above individual human beings.
Some of them were published in the influential literary magazine Athenaeum run by Schlegel and his brother , while others, from his notebooks, remained unpublished until the twentieth century. Schlegel scholar Constantino de Luz Medeiros retraces through these fragments key terms for Schlegel. Parabasis is a term used to define a section in the Greek comedies in which the chorus talks directly to the audience Medeiros 58 Medeiros, Constantino Luz de.
This section was connected to the point of view of the author, in which he reflected upon the events of the play being enacted Cuddon Cuddon, J. New York: Oxford UP, Both parabasis and the buffoon figure come from drama, more specifically from comedies, and both have to do with a critical stance towards the play being enacted.
They are, in this sense, authorial interventions in the text, a creative and critical act at the same time. This step carries with it the problem of the closeness of the subject to the author.
These steps complement each other, and both are necessary for the work of art to succeed. As long as the artist is in the process of discovery and inspiration, he is in a state which, as far as communication is concerned, is at the very least intolerant. He wants to blurt out everything, which is a fault of young geniuses or a legitimate prejudice of old bunglers.
And so he fails to recognize the value and the dignity of self-restriction, which is after all, for the artist as well as the man, the first and the last, the most necessary and the highest duty. Translated by Nazim Dikbas. New York: Vintage International, Hence, there is no equivalent to self-restriction in Schiller.
Its focus on the artistic creation and on the writer need not be a hindrance here. Germanist Raymond Immerwahr Immerwahr, Raymond. His grossly extravagant, deliberately sensational metaphors and cultivated oracular incoherence have given rise to misunderstandings such as this and obscured the actual intent of his words. The third and last moment of the analysis is where a synthesis occurs, and it is related to self-restriction.
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